全文获取类型
收费全文 | 282篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2篇 |
废物处理 | 1篇 |
环保管理 | 43篇 |
综合类 | 85篇 |
基础理论 | 148篇 |
污染及防治 | 10篇 |
评价与监测 | 8篇 |
社会与环境 | 15篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有314条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
11.
2005年通过对骆马湖水质监测,并结合近几年的监测资料进行了分析,结果表明,氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染物,包括总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮,其主要特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。 相似文献
12.
Conservation programs often manage populations indirectly through the landscapes in which they live. Empirically, linking reproductive success with landscape structure and anthropogenic change is a first step in understanding and managing the spatial mechanisms that affect reproduction, but this link is not sufficiently informed by data. Hierarchical multistate occupancy models can forge these links by estimating spatial patterns of reproductive success across landscapes. To illustrate, we surveyed the occurrence of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Canadian Rocky Mountains Alberta, Canada. We deployed camera traps for 6 weeks at 54 surveys sites in different types of land cover. We used hierarchical multistate occupancy models to estimate probability of detection, grizzly bear occupancy, and probability of reproductive success at each site. Grizzly bear occupancy varied among cover types and was greater in herbaceous alpine ecotones than in low‐elevation wetlands or mid‐elevation conifer forests. The conditional probability of reproductive success given grizzly bear occupancy was 30% (SE = 0.14). Grizzly bears with cubs had a higher probability of detection than grizzly bears without cubs, but sites were correctly classified as being occupied by breeding females 49% of the time based on raw data and thus would have been underestimated by half. Repeated surveys and multistate modeling reduced the probability of misclassifying sites occupied by breeders as unoccupied to <2%. The probability of breeding grizzly bear occupancy varied across the landscape. Those patches with highest probabilities of breeding occupancy—herbaceous alpine ecotones—were small and highly dispersed and are projected to shrink as treelines advance due to climate warming. Understanding spatial correlates in breeding distribution is a key requirement for species conservation in the face of climate change and can help identify priorities for landscape management and protection. Patrones Espaciales del Éxito Reproductivo de Osos Pardos, Derivados de Modelos Jerárquicos Multi‐Estado 相似文献
13.
Timothée Schwartz Aurélien Besnard Christophe Pin Olivier Scher Thomas Blanchon Arnaud Béchet Nicolas Sadoul 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14005
By rapidly modifying key habitat components, habitat restoration is at risk of producing attractive cues for animals without providing habitats of sufficient quality. As such, individual fitness components, such as reproduction, could be reduced and restored habitats could become ecological traps. This risk notably appears by using artificial constructions in restoration projects, yet few studies have evaluated their efficacy in a robust way. We investigated this by analyzing 154 islets that were created or restored to improve the conservation status of 7 colonial Laridae species in the South of France. From 2007 to 2016, we compared occupancy dynamics and breeding parameters of these species between the restored sites and 846 unmanaged nesting sites. We also explored species’ preference for different nesting site characteristics and their respective effect on breeding parameters. Restored nesting sites were 2–9 times as attractive as unmanaged sites for all species except the Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Colonization probability was up to 100 times higher in sites already used by other species the previous year and increased with distance to the shore until >0.2 when distance was over 250 m. Abandonment probability was 29–70% lower when breeding was successful the previous year in all species except the Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis). Productivity and breeding success probability were 2 times higher on managed sites. Distance from the shore was an important attractive characteristic of artificial nesting sites in all species. Other nesting site characteristics had species-specific effects on colonization, abandonment, and breeding success. Our results indicate that managed nesting sites are successful conservation tools for colonial Laridae in the Mediterranean and do not act as ecological traps. Our study showed that testing the ecological trap hypothesis is a robust way to evaluate the success of restoration projects of breeding habitats. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
采用综合污染指数法对锦州市农村两家畜禽养殖场区周边土壤监测数据进行评估,分析了畜禽粪便对畜禽养殖场周边土壤中重金属污染的影响。 相似文献
17.
18.
ALEJANDRO MARTÍNEZ‐ABRAÍN HELEN M. REGAN COVADONGA VIEDMA ELENA VILLUENDAS MIGUEL ANGEL BARTOLOMÉ JUAN ANTONIO GÓMEZ DANIEL ORO 《Conservation biology》2011,25(4):726-735
Abstract: Reintroduction of captive‐reared animals has become increasingly popular in recent decades as a conservation technique, but little is known of how demographic factors affect the success of reintroductions. We believe whether the increase in population persistence associated with reintroduction is sufficient to warrant the cost of rearing and relocating individuals should be considered as well. We examined the trade‐off between population persistence and financial cost of a reintroduction program for Crested Coots (Fulica cristata). This species was nearly extirpated from southern Europe due to unsustainable levels of hunting and reduction in amount and quality of habitat. We used a stochastic, stage‐based, single‐sex, metapopulation model with site‐specific parameters to examine the demographic effects of releasing juveniles or adults in each population for a range of durations. We parameterized the model with data from an unsuccessful reintroduction program in which juvenile captive‐bred Crested Coots were released between 2000 and 2009. Using economic data from the captive‐breeding program, we also determined whether the strategy that maximized abundance coincided with the least expensive strategy. Releasing adults resulted in slightly larger final abundance than the release of nonreproductive juveniles. Both strategies were equally poor in achieving a viable metapopulation, but releasing adults was 2–4 times more expensive than releasing juveniles. To obtain a metapopulation that would be viable for 30 years, fecundity in the wild would need to increase to the values observed in captivity and juvenile survival would need to increase to almost unity. We suggest that the most likely way to increase these vital rates is by increasing habitat quality at release sites. 相似文献
19.
Abstract: Success of captive‐breeding programs centers on consistent reproduction among captive animals. However, many individuals do not reproduce even when they are apparently healthy and presented with mates. Mate choice can affect multiple parameters of reproductive success, including mating success, offspring production, offspring survival, and offspring fecundity. We investigated the role of familiarity and preference on reproductive success of female Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) as measured by litter production, litter size, average number of young that emerged from the burrow, and average number of young that survived to 1 year. We conducted these studies on pygmy rabbits at the Oregon Zoo (Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.) and Washington State University (Pullman, Washington, U.S.A.) from February to June 2006, 2007, and 2008. Before mating, we housed each female adjacent to 2 males (neighbors). Female preference for each potential mate was determined on the basis of behavioral interactions observed and measured between the rabbits. We compared reproductive success between females mated with neighbor and non‐neighbor males and between females mated with preferred and nonpreferred males. Our findings suggest that mating with a neighbor compared with a non‐neighbor and mating with a preferred neighbor compared with a nonpreferred neighbor increased reproductive success in female pygmy rabbits. Litter production, average number of young that emerged, and average number of young that survived to 1 year were higher in rabbits that were neighbors before mating than in animals who were not neighbors. Pairing rabbits with a preferred partner increased the probability of producing a litter and was significantly associated with increased litter size. In captive breeding programs, mates are traditionally selected on the basis of genetic parameters to minimize loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients. Our results suggest that integrating genetic information with social dynamics and behavioral measures of preference may increase the reproductive output of the pygmy rabbit captive‐breeding program. Our findings are consistent with the idea that allowing mate choice and familiarity increase the reproductive success of captive‐breeding programs for endangered species. 相似文献
20.
John M. Bartholow 《Environmental management》1991,15(6):833-845
Water temperature is almost certainly a limiting factor in the maintenance of a self-sustaining rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerlySalmo gairdneri) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery in the lower reaches of the Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Irrigation diversions dewater
portions of the river, but cold reservoir releases moderate water temperatures during some periods. The US Fish and Wildlife
Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP) was applied to a 31-km segment of the river using readily available stream
geometry and hydrological and meteorological data. The calibrated model produced satisfactory water temperature predictions
(R
2=0.88,P<0.001, N=49) for a 62-day summer period. It was used to evaluate a variety of flow and nonflow alternatives to keep water
temperatures below 23.3°C for the trout. Supplemental flows or reduced diversions of 3 m3/sec would be needed to maintain suitable summer temperatures throughout most of the study area. Such flows would be especially
beneficial during weekends when current irrigation patterns reduce flows. The model indicated that increasing the riparian
shade would result in little improvement in water temperatures but that decreasing the stream width would result in significant
temperature reductions. Introduction of a more thermally tolerant redband trout (Oncorhynchus sp.), or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) might prove beneficial to the fishery. Construction of deep pools for thermal refugia might also be helpful. 相似文献